The mining industry has long been marred by many incidents around the world, the number of industrial accidents caused by mining in the four corners of the world are multiple, from the most mediatized to the least mediatized, the mining industry has been the cause of several environmental disasters, human rights abuses...It is therefore one of the industries strongly concerned by sustainable development in the sense that its activities directly impact the environment. Whether at the international or national level, mining companies never cease to multiply their efforts in terms of sustainable development. It is important to note that this is not without interest. Indeed, sustainable development involves various issues for the mining industry. These issues are environmental, social, economic, and ethical. They are indeed the reasons why mining companies are increasing their sustainable development practices. Talking about the challenges of the mining industry's transition means analyzing the impacts of mining activities on the four dimensions: economic, environmental, social and ethical. In this contribution we analyze the challenges of transitioning the mining industry towards sustainability so that it is economically efficient, socially equitable and environmentally acceptable.